German Verb Future Tense Conjugations

In German, the  future tense  (das Futur) occurs less frequently than in English. Even more frequently than in English, German often substitutes the present tense for the future (Wir sehen uns morgen. — Well see you tomorrow.) However, German verbs do follow an easy-to-learn and predictable pattern in the future tense. Once you learn the pattern for just about any German verb, you know how  all  German verbs  are conjugated in the future. Even irregular verbs are no exception. Das Futur I: The Basics German uses the basic  werden infinitive  formula to form DAS FUTUR. To conjugate any verb in the future, you simply conjugate  werden  and add the infinitive of the verb you want to have in the future. Basically, if you can conjugate  werden, you can form the future tense of all verbs. The chart below shows a sample German verb in the  future tense. Spielen  Ã¢â‚¬â€ To PlayFuture Tense —  Futur I Deutsch English Sample Sentence SINGULAR ich werde spielen I will play Ich werde Basketball spielen. du wirst spielen you (fam.)will play Wirst du Schach spielen? (chess) er wird spielen he will play Er wird mit mir spielen. (with me) sie wird spielen she will play Sie wird Karten spielen. (cards) es wird spielen it will play Es wird keine Rolle spielen. (It wont matter.) PLURAL wir werden spielen we will play Wir werden Basketball spielen. ihr werdet spielen you (guys) will play Werdet ihr Monopoly spielen? sie werden spielen they will play Sie werden Golf spielen. Sie werden spielen you will play Werden Sie heute spielen? (Sie, formal you, is both singular and plural.) Futur II: The Basics  (Future Perfect) The  future perfect  is somewhat rare in German. To form the future perfect (das Futur II) in German, you take the past participle of the verb being conjugated (for example,  gespielt/played) and use it with a conjugated form of  werden. The infinitive of the helping verb (haben  or  sein) is placed at the end of the sentence: â€Å"Wir werden die ganze Nacht gespielt haben.† (We will have played all night.) Spielen — To PlayFuture Perfect —  Futur II / vollendete Zukunft Deutsch English Sample Sentence SINGULAR ich werde gespielt haben I will have played Ich werde Gitarre gespielt haben. du wirst gespielt haben you (fam.) will have played Wirst du Schach gespielt haben? er wird gespielt haben he will have played Er wird mit mir gespielt haben. sie wird gespielt haben she will have played Sie wird Karten gespielt haben. es wird gespielt haben it will have played Es wird keine Rolle gespielt haben. (It will not have mattered.) PLURAL wir werden gespielt haben we will have played Wir werden Basketball gespielt haben. ihr werdet gespielt haben you (guys) will have played Werdet ihr Monopoly gespielt haben? sie werden gespielt haben they will have played Sie werden Golf gespielt haben. Sie werden gespielt haben you will have played Werden Sie gespielt haben?

Shakespeares Presentation of Love in a Midsummer Nights...

Shakespeares Presentation of Love in a Midsummer Nights Dream A midsummer nights dream was originally supposed to have been performed at a wedding. Therefore the theme of love would have been a suitable theme for the play. In this play, as in many of Shakespeares plays the main theme is love. Shakespeare presents many different aspects of love in the play. He shows how love can affect your vision of reality and make you behave in irrational ways. He presents many ways in which your behavior is affected by the different types and aspects of love. The main types of love he presents are; true love, fake love, unrequited love, young and irrational love and platonic love. Shakespeare tries to show†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare also presents irrational and short-lived love. The love brought in by Titania and Bottom also based on false impressions and appearance. Oberon shows jealousy towards Titania of Bottom and others, their love is true in the end when she realizes what Bottom really looks like and that she never loved him but Obero n. Shakespeare shows the emotions and social standing of the characters by the language he gives them to use in their speeches. He uses a mixture of blank verse, prose and poetic verse throughout the play. He does so in all his plays. When the characters speak to each other in poetic verse it indicates that they share a type of love between them. Poetic verse is usually associated with lovers writing poetry to each other. This changes between certain characters as that confusion is misleading them or false emotions are shown. When Helena and Hermia argue the way they speak to each other changes when they both think the other has betrayed the other. When the workmen are trying to speak in verse, but it is very poor quality, it shows that they are trying to act on being someone else, but they are not doing a good job. The language of the workmen is that of the lower classes in Shakespeares time. They speak in prose usually. They try to speak in verse so the parts of Pyramus andShow Mor eRelatedThe Supernatural in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream1550 Words   |  7 Pagesin William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Consider the presentation of the supernatural in A Midsummer Nights dream. In what way does it reveal Shakespeares moral and philosophical concerns? How does Shakespeares stagecraft (setting, Characterisation, language, verse form etc) facilitate the consideration of his concerns? and how do we as a modern audience respond to the play as a piece of theatre? The main themes of A Midsummers Night Dream are theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pageshistory literature has changed into many different forms and styles, it has also stayed the same in many different ways, literary techniques and elements are key to a good piece of writing, a perfect example that shows us just this is in, A Midsummer Nights Dream, where we will further explore the different literary elements that were used most notably the plot. The plot of a story lays out the foundation and the background for the entire play to come, well compare and contrast this element and lookRead MorePassion in A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesPassion in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream may come off as a simple comedy but is a complex play with many interesting aspects. Passion, a significant characteristic, is often expressed through the play. Characters in the play show passion for different reasons; Puck passions for mischief, Helena for Demetrius’ love and Bottom for theatrics, are a few of the many examples. Passion shows much significance, being the most important characteristic in the playRead More A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay: The Importance of Setting1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Setting in Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream  Ã‚      The two locations of Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream are essential to the development of the plot, although their presentation relies wholly on the characters we meet there, their adventures and their descriptions of these places. Athens is not an accidental choice of location: although much of the detail of the play is quintessentially English, the classical setting enables Shakespeare to introduce the notableRead MoreThe Fairy Queen by Henry Purcell1153 Words   |  5 Pagesmusical piece that ought to be executed instead of allowing the performing musician to select. â€Å"The Fairy Queen† is a masque or semi-opera by Henry Purcell. The libretto is an revision of William Shakespeares wedding comedy A Midsummer Nights Dream. Purcell did not put any of Shakespeares wording to tunes; as an alternative he poised melodies for short musical numbers in every act but the beginning performance. The opera itself had also been marginally modernised in maintaining with theRead MoreHow Shakespeare Impacted The British History?1851 Words   |  8 PagesNavneet Kaur CP British Literature 3-B Mr. Wasemiller 19 February, 2015 How Shakespeare Impacted the British History? Shakespeare’s influence on the British culture in the 21st century remains unwavering. â€Å"Although William Shakespeare is viewed as the quintessential English writer, Shakespeare’s poems and plays have altered the course of European and World literature. The shadow that William Shakespeare has cast over the world has influenced artists, poets, philosophers and thinkers.’ (WilliamRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pagescarrying around with me† (FIU 67). Faulkner’s recorded interviews and conversations contain references to a number of Shakespeares works and characters, including Hamlet, Macbeth, Henry IV, Henry V, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Romeo and Juliet, the sonnets, Falstaff, Prince Hal, Lady Macbeth, Bottom, Ophelia, and Mercutio. In 1947 he told an Ole Miss English class that Shakespeare’s work provides â€Å"a casebook on mankind,† adding, â€Å"if a man has a great deal of talent he can use Shakespeare as a yardstick†Read MoreEssay on Biography of William Shakespeare2736 Words   |  11 Pageshis fathers shop so that he could be taught everything his father knew and soon take over the business. But instead he was the apprentice to a butcher because of the trouble in his fathers financial situation. Just what happened to alter John Shakespeares financial and social position after the mid 1570s is not clear. Shakespeare was still allowed a lot of free time when he was young. This was suggested by historians that his plays show more ideas of hunting and hawking than do those of other playRead More Shakespeare in Contemporary Movies Essay4875 Words   |  20 Pagesscholar) is that he doesnt know. Actually, the scholar says he doesnt know the historical reason. Something about the way the scene is cut makes me suspect (scholar that I am) that he went on to give a perfectly acceptable reason for Shakespeares Richard to determine on a quick marriage to Anne, or at least speculate on a probable cause (that is, after all, what scholars do). But all that remains in the scene is an admission of incompetence. Thus the scholar-priest is revealed as a fraudRead MoreClassification of Literature3483 Words   |  14 Pagessimple grammar. * Fiction  Ã¢â‚¬â€œisthe form of any  narrative  or  informative  work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the  author.   1. Drama –is the stage presentation of an action or story. It is a story in either verse or prose to be presented on stage. -a term generally applied to a type of literature that seeks to present actual life in brief intense form visibly in front of an audience. -a dialogue written

Selecting a Topic and Brainstroming Worksheet Free Essays

Associate Program Material Appendix D Selecting a Topic and Brainstorming Worksheet Complete the following and post as an attachment. |What two objects, people, subjects, or concepts are you going to |Paperback/Hardcover books vs. eBooks. We will write a custom essay sample on Selecting a Topic and Brainstroming Worksheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now | |compare and/or contrast? | | |What are the similarities between the two objects, people, |They both contain stories and information you can read. | |subjects, or concepts? List as many similarities that you can | | |think of. | | |What are the differences between the two objects, people, |Paperback/Hardcover books are something that the reader can | |subjects, or concepts? List as many differences that you can |physically hold, while eBooks are used on computers, tablets, or | |think of. |other hand-held devices. | |Are you going to focus on similarities, differences, or both? | |Explain your rationale. |Both. I want to inform readers on the advantages, disadvantages, | | |and similarities of traditional books vs. eBooks. | |What do you want your readers to learn and understand after |I want to inform readers on the advantages and disadvantages of | |reading your essay? What is the purpose of your essay? |traditional books vs. eBooks. |What 3 parallel points of comparison and/or contrast will you |I will compare and contrast the connection the reader will be | |address in your essay? For example, if you were going to compare |able to make with a physic al book vs. that of an eBook, the | |and contrast two teachers, your parallel points might be |differences in accessibility, and prices. | |teacher’s homework policy, teacher’s classroom conduct policy, | | |and teacher’s demeanor. | |Explain why this is an appropriate and workable topic selection | | |for the final assignment. | | | |Many people in the recent years have been using eBooks as opposed| | |to traditional books due to the â€Å"dependency† of technology. | How to cite Selecting a Topic and Brainstroming Worksheet, Papers

Principles and Practice of Stress Management

Question: Describe about the Principles and Practice of Stress Management. Answer: Introduction Appraisal of a particular task is like making an assessment on the quality of a task with reference to the task objective or task requirement. More often, appraisal of a task usually touches on key concerns like the evidences, provided during the procedure of the subject, level of the evidence offered and finally matters on both strengths and weaknesses (Barlow, 2007). At some point an appraisal may offer evidence that is not satisfying and that is why it is important that the level of the evidence offered is attached to various justifications of the task. With reference to the question rubric, this particular task will make an appraisal with reference to the case provided. It will assess or rather appraise both the papers end make a final stand on the most suitable paper to fit the situation in context. The final stand will also be aligned with a number of justifications that will offer a provision that in deed the adopted paper suits the need of the task. The Scenario provided The scenario provided is on one Mariana who is a first year student pursuing health sciences in an Australian University. The personality in question is described as a lady who is not married but has a daughter whose age is estimated to be 18 months. Due to her situation of being a single mother, she is encountered with worries of not being able to mix with other students (Beehr Newman, 2008). This is also supported by a number of key evidences which are mainly based on priorities. Her priority may not be the same like other students whom she is undertaking her studies with. At the childbirth of the daughter, Mariana is depicted to have suffered difficulties in giving birth and the daughter is presently suffering from Asthma (Certo, 2015). In the occasion that Mariana comes to school, her daughter has to be in the attendance of local child care centre. The case in context or rather the scenario presented ends with the mentioning of Marianas condition. She is suffering from both diabetes and rare blood disorders. A situation that also needs more than medical examination, but she has to live in her status since she gets limited support from her family, a situation that has subjected her to live in a small unit which is a bus ride from the university vicinity. Appraising the Quality of Paper 1 The personalities presented in paper 1 are Von Haertel, Stumpp, Hey and Ebner- Priemer. Their paper mainly presents information on reduced emotional stress reactivity to a situation that can be of real life academic examination stressor in students (Cohen McKay, 2014). The examination was through aerobic exercise training that took place in the 20th week. Objective of the paper The main objective of the paper in context as mentioned previously was to examine if the 20th week aerobic exercise intervention can improve emotional stress reactivity during a real life stress. The method that was employed was on bringing sixty one inactive students who were randomly assigned to a waiting control and an aerobic exercise intervention group (Cohen, Kessler Gordon, 2007). Both the inter-individual data in real life situation and diaries were brought into use. The participants with regards to the paper are argued to have made reports of their moods as well as their perceived stress (Gordon, Slade Schmitt, 2006). This was done in a time span of every two days in their daily routines of pre and post intervention. Result of the of the subject The outcome of the subject showed important emotional stress reactivity that was evident in both groups during the entire period in which the assessment was conducted (Folkman, 2004). It was also noted amongst participants in the aerobic exercise intervention group, lower emotional stress reactivity. This was in comparison with their control counterparts at the end of the time that was estimated for the training to end. The paper in context concluded with a conference that Aerobic Exercise Intervention has got beneficial effects on emotional stress reactivity during an academic examination which is extremely stressful real life situation for students. The subject in context was also mentioned to be a promising strategy against the negative health effects of already accumulated emotional stress reactivity (Kim, Yang Schroeppel, 2013). Evidences that the paper provided can be applicable to Marianas situation regarding stress reduction and mood improvement The evidence provided in paper one is obtained from the main objective of the paper in discussion. The objective is based on how the exercise that was conducted can improve emotional stress reactivity. Remember, the situation under which Mariana was subjected to was not favorable and therefore stood a chance of suffering from cases that are stress related. The first instance of Marianas stress was on the fact that she was a student and at the same time a single mother of an 18 months daughter (Lazarus, 2015). The daughter was also depicted as one who was suffering from asthma and the mother on the other hand having ailment on diabetes and rare blood disorders. The main aim of this objective is to subject the stressful situation of Mariana to the education sector as provided in the detailed analysis of Aerobic Exercise Interventions. Her mind is likely to be diverted, and her stress may not come from her real life situation, that even includes reduction of stress from the situation of her child. This is likely to raise her mood. Level of evidence in appraising the paper in context The extent of evidence provided with the view of the subject may be fairly applicable in the situation of Mariana, and there is likelihood that she may have temporary relief in her real life stress situation (Moracco McFadden, 2012). Strength of the evidence provided in appraising the paper The strength of the evidence provided is on the beneficial part of the paper in context, of which it is mentioned that the Aerobic Exercise Intervention shows some characteristics of a promising strategy against stress. Weaknesses with respect to the subject The main weakness with respect to the context is that there are chances that personality in discussion may suffer double stressful state. This is because, in the occurrence that the paper in discussion is not applicable in reducing Marianas stress, she may both have stress from the academic zone as well as that of her real life as detailed in the scenario that has been conclusively discussed. Appraisal of Paper 2 The personalities presented to be the authors of this paper include Kim, Yang and finally Scroeppel. The paper is mainly about a pilot study that offers an examination on the effects of Kouk Sun Do on students who are in the university with regards to anxiety symptoms. The paper is therefore basically about stress and health and most of its content has also shown many similarities with the journal of the international society for the investigations of stress (Murphy, 2014). Moving into finer details of the study, it is documented that the study was conducted among 30 university student who had reported cases on anxiety symptoms. They were allocated at random to either the waiting list that was for the control group or treatment group. A total estimate of 18, of whom 11 were in the waiting list control group completed both the two usual tests. That is pre- test and post test. The rest of the participant is depicted to have dropped out before the intervention stage (Olff, Langeland Gersons, 2005). The pilot test in context is covered to have been conducted at a frequency of at least three times per week in a period of four weeks. There was a measurement which was then taken mainly on areas that deals in trait anxiety, depressive symptoms and finally general self efficacy in coping with stress. At the final stage, open ended questions were used in data collection and the result is provided in the result section of the paper in context. Result with respect to the appraisal of paper 2 One of the groups which were the first 11 or rather the treatment group showed a significance reduced trait in both anxiety and symptoms of depression compared to the control group across time. In the end, there was a provision that was made by the qualitative data which provided that self induced relaxation effects may lead to reduced anxiety. Objective of the paper in question The main objective of this particular paper as already been mentioned is on the effects of Kouk Sun Do which is basically a mind body exercise on a mental health of the university students. Being that, Mariana is also a university student, the paper accommodates her because even her situation is part of mental health. Evidence with regards to both appraisal of the paper and applicability of the of it to Marianas situation in reducing stress and improving mood The main evidence with regards to the context is on the view that the paper is directed towards achieving a breakthrough in matters of stress. The paper has addressed this from a dimension of conducting what was known as the pilot study (Smith et al, 2005). The outcome of the study as provided in the result sub topic was that self induced relaxation effects of the Kouk Sun Do may offer a reduction in anxiety. Anxiety in most cases results due to extreme cases in matters of stress just like in the scenario that we are presented with of Mariana. Level of evidence The level of this evidence is of a higher chance able to offer reduction in matters of anxiety which has always been discussed by a number of key scholars in the field of medicine as one of the outcomes of matters that are related to stress though not in all circumstances. Strengths of the evidence The strength of the subject is that unlike other cases, this paper is very direct in terms of what it is dealing with, and it has been noted that it lays much focus on matters of anxiety. It is this that it seeks ways on how it can be reduced as already covered in the paper in discussion. Weaknesses of the evidence The main weakness of this paper is that, it focuses much on anxiety relief as opposed to stress. In the outcome that was covered and as severally been mentioned in the previous paragraph, the end result was that self induced relaxation effects of the subject may offer reduction to matters pertaining anxiety. This shows that the paper may not offer applicability to Marianas situation. The most relevant paper to Mariana regarding stress reduction and improvement of mood The most appropriate or relevant paper with regards to the subject is that of paper 1. This is the paper that is likely to offer reduction to Marianas stress and even improve her mood. Justification of the answer provided The main justification for the above is that, it provides for academic stress to offer relief in Marianas real life situation. Mariana is likely to lay focus on academic stress and challenges and this may make her forget of her real life stress (Von et al, 2015). Remember, it was mentioned that she even had a problem of mixing with other students; it is only this paper that will enable her mix freely with her colleagues. The second paper is dismissed on ground that, it does not directly touch on matters that are stress related but rather anxiety and therefore may be difficult to provide the required solution. Conclusion As mentioned in the introductory paragraph, the meaning of appraisal of paper is to appreciate the quality of that particular paper through the assessment of several areas. The task in question has therefore, for a greater extent appraise the two papers with respect to Marianas condition and has finally come up with a final paper that is most applicable to Mariana. For example, in this case, paper 1 has been adopted because according to the assessment conducted, it is the most applicable to Marianas situation. This task has therefore handled the matters addressed in the question rubric and all the requirements that were brought with regards to the task. References Barlow, D. H. (2007). Principles and practice of stress management. P. M. Lehrer, R. L. Woolfolk, W. E. Sime (Eds.). Guilford Press. Beehr, T. A., Newman, J. E. (2008). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review1. Personnel psychology, 31(4), 665-699. Certo, S. (2015). Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cohen, S., McKay, G. (2014). Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. Handbook of psychology and health, 4, 253-267. Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., Gordon, L. U. (2007). Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. Oxford University Press on Demand. Folkman, S. (2004). Personal control and stress and coping processes: a theoretical analysis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(4), 839. Gordon, M. E., Slade, L. A., Schmitt, N. (2006). The science of the sophomore revisited: From conjecture to empiricism. Academy of management review, 11(1), 191-207. Kim, J., Yang, H., Schroeppel, S. (2013). A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Kouk Sun Do on University Students with Anxiety Symptoms. Stress Health: Journal Of The International Society For The Investigation Of Stress, 29(2), 99-107. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.acu.edu.au/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2431 Lazarus, R. S. (2015). Psychological stress in the workplace. Occupational stress: A handbook, 1, 3-14. Moracco, J. C., McFadden, H. (2012). The counselor's role in reducing teacher stress. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 60(9), 549-552. Murphy, L. R. (2014). Occupational stress management: A review and appraisal. Journal of occupational psychology, 57(1), 1-15. Olff, M., Langeland, W., Gersons, B. P. (2005). Effects of appraisal and coping on the neuroendocrine response to extreme stress. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 29(3), 457-467. Smith, J. E., Richardson, J., Hoffman, C., Pilkington, K. (2005). Mindfulness?Based Stress Reduction as supportive therapy in cancer care: systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 52(3), 315-327. Von Haaren, B., Haertel, S., Stumpp, J., Hey, S., Ebner-Priemer, U. (2015). Reduced emotional stress reactivity to a real-life academic examination stressor in students participating in a 20-week aerobic exercise training: A randomised controlled trial using Ambulatory Assessment. Psychology Of Sport Exercise, 20, 67-75.

Battens essays

Battens essays Battens Disease is a neurological disorder, which was discovered in 1903 by a British pediatrician. Battens Disease, also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogre-Batten disease is the most common in a group of disorders called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). There are three other types of NCLs, which occur at different stages of life. The three other types of NCLs are infantile (6 months), late infantile (2-4 yrs.), and adult (before 40). A person inherits Battens when both parents give a recessive gene to the child. Battens is an autosomal recessive disease that is fatal. Battens Disease is a juvenile disease, which begins between the ages of 5-9 years, and it happens about once in every 25,000 live births. Since the disease has no outward signs the child appears normal at first. The individual develops just like a child without the disease does. Once the child reaches the age of 5-9 yrs. The symptoms start to develop. The first symptom that occurs is the deterioration of the childs vision. Other symptoms that start at the same time are problems with schoolwork, speech problems, and the onset of extreme clumsiness. After these symptoms have occurred the individual will start to have epileptic seizures. In the nest stage of the disease the individual will display gradual intellectual deterioration, and the gradual deterioration of muscles. The individual may even become demented over the coarse of the disease. All these things will happen over the coarse of 10-15 yrs. Near the end of those 10-15 years, which is also near the end of the individuals life, the person will spend much of his/her time lying down and they will be blind and unable to speak. All these symptoms of Battens and the symptoms of the other NCLs have been linked to a buildup of substances called lipopigments in the bodys tissues. Lipopigments are mainly composed of fats and proteins. When they are viewed under a...

Adolescent abortion essays

Adolescent abortion essays Less then twenty-five years ago, any women who elected to terminate her pregnancy usually had to resort to illegal, unsanitary, and unsafe means. Abortion was frequently considered a criminal offense committed by the woman and the physician performing the procedure. The Supreme Court cases leading to the legalization of abortion began in 1963 with Griswold v. Connecticut. The court invalidated a Connecticut statute that made possession and use of contraceptives by married couples a criminal offense. The case of Griswold was later expanded to encompass the womans right not only to prevent but also to terminate her pregnancy. In the case of Roe v. Wade, the court held that state regulation of womans access to abortion at all times during her pregnancy is impermissible. In finding unconstitutional a Texas statute that did not allow abortion unless it was performed to save the mothers life, the Court eliminated most restrictions on an adult womans right to an abortion. According to the book, abortion data are difficult to collect , and national statistics can only be considered estimates. The figures included in this paper are primarily based on the data provided by the Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI). AGI data are based on national surveys of health institutions and private physicians providing abortion services. Today, about 40% of the 1.1 million pregnancies of females under the age of twenty annually are terminated by induced abortions. Nearly one-third of all abortions are done on women under the age of twenty. (Melton, 1986:41) A substantial number and proportion of abortions are obtained by teenagers. In 1981 more than 1 in 4 of the estimated 1,577,340 abortions performed were to teenagers; 6 out of 10 to 15-19 year olds were to teenagers 18-19 years of age. The chart that I included on the following page lists the number and distribution of legal abortions, abortion rates per 1,000 wo...

News during the Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

News during the Vietnam War - Essay Example Americans were against communism, and therefore, sent soldiers to Vietnam. The foremost reason for the Vietnam War was to stop the northern region, led by Ho Chi Minch, to take over leadership forcefully. They were against the government, and had planned to overturn the ruling authority to take control of the country. Vietnam War is the longest war that has been witnessed in the world history. It ended when Americans withdrew their troops after realizing their goals. The Vietnam War resulted in misunderstandings between countries worldwide, especially owing to the ideological differences. In this essay, the Vietnam War is discussed in detail and news the media broadcasted across the world highlighted. During the war, the public had been exposed to the activities happening at the Vietnam War fought in Vietnam through media. This explains why human beings are more interested in revising history rather than understanding the meaning of the war to people (Samantha). The story about Vietnam War was wrongly broadcasted in the news, magazines, books and journals. This made people have negative mind-sets toward the war. Surprisingly, the Vietnam War is greatly misunderstood than the history of Americans, because the media gave distrustful reports about the war results, hence, the citizens received incorrect information. This affected negatively the way people associated with war, which was meant to promote peace and stop Vietnam government form being overturned by the dictators. The negative reporting of the Vietnam War has caused many individuals to forget the essential details about the war. The production of books, magazines, articles and documentaries by various artists has spread the message of Vietnam, as myths rather than suppositions. Kennedy condemned the media houses that published irrelevant information. The Washington office and Kennedy’s administration involved themselves in the consulting editors of the top media house in America. They accused the editors of publishing wrong reports about the Saigon Press Corps. This made the American government to clash with reporters and the media house that confused the citizens by giving wrong information to the people. The big question from the press was whether USA had joined the war to help the Vietnam country or they wanted to prove their potency as a world superpower. The media is accused of giving irrelevant information to the public, creating several considerations. According to research done, the press and journalist only gave two thirds of the report as accurate information got from the Vietnam War. The main motive of the press and the media house were to elevate the sales of the literature they pro duced, since people were eager to get information on how the war was proceeding. They also lacked the source of getting information; therefore, they were forced to twist the stories to appeal to the citizens (Rhodes). The information looked attractive and people purchased the magazines and books. Vietnam War was the longest war ever in world’s history, and this made it unmatched. Therefore, people wanted to know more about the developing stories of the historical war. The information published by the press and the media houses was condemned by the American administration and most journalists faced trials to substantiate their reports. Conversely, the media also played an imperative part during the war since it was able to update and inform the world the real situation on the ground. It updated the world with current news making headlines, hence reducing the tension in citizens. Therefore, the media should be watchful in transmitting insubstantial issues to the populace. The n ews broadcasted during the war was spread by the media, which was exceptionally active and determined

Geology Tour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geology Tour - Essay Example Since, numerous studies have contended that numerous creatures, for instance, furred elephants (American mastodon) inhabited the snow region prior they were extinct. This information and much more coupled with diverse timelines of when they occurred usually characterizes the entire â€Å"Page Museum, La Brea Tar Pits† (McNassor 97). As one proceeds inside, does not stop to wonder because various ice age fossils excavated from the â€Å"backyard† (Tar Pits) of the museum (McNassor 13). It is intriguing how some animals looked like prior to the emergence of people in Los Angeles region, which prompted to their extinct. For illustration, Bison Antiquus, this was the first herbivore in N. America and its existence and emergence marked the mammal age in the region. According to diverse staffs who are in every stand ready and busy explaining to keen admirers regarding diverse life forms, many of the fossils originate from Tar Pits (McNassor 97). This was after its discovery, which also has its own information regarding why it is rich in diverse extinct forms that fill the entire museum. Hence, museum has allocated a stand meant to offer to visitors’ adequate information regarding Brea Tar Pits (McNassor 25). Research about the site argues that, Asphaltum from other regions seeped up into the pits for a long time where wild animals inhabited. Dust, leaves or water covered the Asphaltum in the pits, which trapped the animals and other smaller forms like rats while grazing or searching for water. Therefore, resulting to numerous animals trapped in it. The museum boasts of possessing numerous species starting from those of the great cats to the tooth of a rat besides plants that normally characterized the Tar Pits prior extinction of the big animals (McNassor 22). The cats encompass small-tailed Smilodon Fatalis, which are a distant cousin to the present cats.

Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intelligence - Essay Example Others grow due to a particular issue like lack of social amenities in a specific town or area in this regard the best way to handle this is by solving first the complaints then the cracking of this group will be easier. The factors that make the non-state actors be handling within a particular border depend most on the cause of origin. If is a significant issue that is more deeper like race, religion or even gender then this can cut across borders but if is the provision of resources such as water and food then this is easily handled. The reason why it is good to tackle the main issue is that if the cause of grievance is not understood and the government handles the symptoms then it will only act as a catalyst (Huffman 2014). ii) The reason why the non-state actors have grown is also because the world has become interconnected where different regions or countries heavily depend on each other and through this trade will grow and people will interact and the moment they build relationships they will start sharing their ideologies. In the traditional manner countries independently solved their own actions and did not really depend on anything or anyone (Harris 2013). The example of a Non-state Actor is a group like ISIS where the terror group has infiltrated different countries and to understand their cause they are brought together by the belief. Religion is Key for them and this will not only affect one country but everyone who believes in the said religion. It is good to note that when the issue is more of a mental state then it cuts across borders. Another issue that has made it difficult to tame one non state actor is the technology. With the rise of electronic communication people between different continents can share their agenda and make it easy for them to progress their beliefs. They can always interact on day to day making it easier to plan their next issue of chaos and this

Spiritual Journeys: Dante And St Augustine

Spiritual Journeys: Dante And St Augustine The individual spiritual journeys of Dante in the Divine Comedy and St. Augustine in the Confessions are quite similar, as each man searches for divine love and grace, and true eternal closeness to God. Both Dante and St. Augustine admired and were heavily influenced by Virgil, the classical Roman poet of the Aeneid, in their writing and works; however, because of their strong Christian faith, Dante and Augustine also make it clear in their autobiographical accounts that Virgils pagan beliefs cannot receive salvation, or allow the soul to enter heaven after death. Dantes journey begins with the poet being portrayed as spiritually lost in sin, in the darkness of woods, when a guide is sent to him in the form of the ancient Roman poet Virgil, who represents human reason and wisdom. Virgil tells Dante that the only way out of the darkness is for Virgil to lead him through Hell and Purgatory, in order for Dante to recognize the nature of sin and the consequences of his actions. Once Virgil has guided Dante to the top of Mount Purgatory, where the renunciation and rejection of sin occurs, Virgil tells the Pilgrim that he can no longer accompany him on his final journey to Heaven, because human reason cannot reach the ultimate height of Paradise. Dante is lead instead to Heaven by his beloved Beatrice, who is now living as one of the blessed in the afterlife, and who also symbolizes divine love. Much like Dante, St. Augustines journey also begins with his confessions as being spiritually lost, especially in his earlier years as a sinful youth, turning away from God, and preoccupied with only worldly desires and needs of the flesh. St. Augustine implores in Book VI of his Confessions, Thou hadst made me wiser, yet did I walk in darkness, and in slippery places, and sought Thee abroad out of myself, found not the God of my heart; and had come into the depths of the sea, and distrusted and despaired of ever finding truth (Augustine 94). Here St. Augustine talks about the darkness he walked in during his early life, very similar to Dantes struggle and despair in his own dark woods of sin, where Virgil finds him in the beginning of the Inferno. St. Augustine describes his spiritual void and emptiness further, stating, And I perceived myself to be far off from Thee [God], in the region of unlikeness (134). In this declaration, St. Augustine is associating his many sins with a regi on of unlikeness, which causes him to wander aimlessly without direction or purpose, becoming hopelessly lost. Whereas Dantes descent into Hell in the Inferno is both dramatically real and an allegorical representation of his souls journey towards God, St. Augustines Confessions represents a metaphorical rather than physical journey of the soul, as Augustine searches for divine truth and grace. However, both men view this spiritual descent as necessary in order for the human soul to attain ultimate closeness to God. An example of this is expressed by St. Augustine in Book IV of his Confessions, when he states, Even now, after the descent of Life to you, will ye not ascend and live? But whither ascend ye, when ye are on high, and set your mouth against the heavens? Descend, that ye may ascend, and ascend to God. For ye have fallen, by ascending against Him (64). Furthermore, according to John Freccero, author of Dante: The Poetics of Conversion, In the spiritual life, one must descend in humility before one can begin the ascent to truth, and in the physical world, according to both Dante and A ristotle, one must travel downward with respect to our hemisphere in order to rise (74). This spiritual belief of descending in humility before one can rise again is clearly echoed by both Dante and St. Augustine in their poetic works regarding Christian faith. Virgil, the pagan Roman poet of the Aeneid, also plays an important role in the autobiographical accounts of Dante and St. Augustine as well. Dante uses Virgil as his guide to illustrate Virgils supreme human reason and intellect during his journey, as well as emphasizing Dantes heartfelt admiration for the classical Roman poet. However, to demonstrate and make clear his devout and strict Christian beliefs, Dante places Virgil in Limbo, the first circle of Hell, along with other virtuous pagan Roman poets of the past. Dantes placement of Virgil and the other non-Christians is essential, since they can never be allowed to enter Paradise because of their pagan beliefs. Virgil himself understands this divine judgment delivered by God, when he states to the poet Sordello in Canto VII, I am deprived of Heaven for no fault other than my lack of faith (Alighieri et al. 56). Dante shows that despite Virgils moral perfection, he was without faith, and human reason alone can never reach Heaven . St. Augustine also admired the Roman poet Virgil during his early life, and being a successful teacher of rhetoric, Augustine understood very well a life led by reason. However, he, like Dante, discovers that reason alone is not enough to gain salvation from God, and as a result, was spiritually lost, tormented by temptation and sin. Thus, St. Augustine too realizes it is only when one has true faith in God that eternal salvation can be achieved. As Olson reminds us, Augustine testifies to how reason puts man on the road toward God, and how it is [only] faith that informs and elevates reason, taking it beyond its natural limitations while never being tyrannical or confining in any way. [St. Augustine] summarized this seemingly paradoxical fact in the famous dictum, I believe, in order to understand; and I understand, the better to believe (Augustines Confessions). History of Portraiture: Changes in Styles and Techniques History of Portraiture: Changes in Styles and Techniques The immemorial fascination of mans own image and of those of his fellow human beings arose a desire in men to attempt and embellish his likeliness into a physical medium. However at the time portrait was exclusive to those who wished to celebrate mans relationship with God and the divine rulers of the times, which makes the Renaissance a revolutionary era for portraiture and the development or artist techniques. The common subjects of royalty and wealth were joined together with the trivial and oppressed, giving artists around the world more latitude to delve into painting intricate and thought-provoking portraits to be cherished for centuries. Deciding to undertake the task of compiling the substantial triumphs for portraiture styles and methods over time, I plan to introduce it in the span of six notable art movements and cover the most significant artist of the time. The theme portraiture hold a special place in my heart, its enigmatic and flexible principles give the artist the u pmost freedom to depict people in a way that suits them. Its a theme that lasted through the test of time, becoming more and more popular as the centuries turn. Jan Van Eyck was a powerful visionary in 15th century with his command of linear perspective and capticating interiors that bathed in golden lights, his art sank into oblivion until the 1930s. Expressing a new awareness of reality through the use of oil paint, he crafted remarkable paintings and portraits that had remarkable attention to detail, observation of nature and light, and constructing spaces steeped in elegant interior which inhabited realistic characters. His careful positioning, golden lights and expert command of the technique of oil painting made him one of the most significant representative of the Renaissance art movement. His style and technique was a step up from the less realistic depiction of human forms by the then pre-Renaissance artists Giotto di Bondone and Cimabue. As the 17th century approached, the subject for painters was changing as the patrons no longer served an essential role in the choice of subjects and composition. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio painted people who were then counted as trivial: peasants appeared alongside sovereigns and saints, crafting a new approach to portraiture for his time. At the beginning of his artistic career he broke through with his loose interpretations of traditional subjects, painting the first still life in the history of art as a subject in itself and knowingly portrayed saints as everyday people. The conventions of his time didnt worry him, nor did the already established art guidelines. He did not make primary sketches but place the paint straight to the canvas, using the foundation coats as an artistic element.   The early works of the artist revealed his love of poetic naturalism that was inspired by his everyday life. Caravaggios approach to chiaroscuro (the artistic play of light and shadow) was a clear departure from the art conventions of Mannerism. These conventions found their way into the most significant Baroque and Rococo artists. In the 18th century, a new freedom became apparent with the French painters as they began portraying a carefree and libertine behavior of society consistently in their artwork. The most noteworthy artist of the time was the Rococo painter Franà §ois Boucher. He was highly adept in many forms of media as he switched traditional bright oil paints to forms of decorative art. Adopting a high tone palette that favoured blues and pinks, he set a definite foundation for most paintings of dream-like quality. His paintings of beautiful women in rich silk clothing endorsed scenes of erotic and passionate love. Oil and gouache sketches were common in preparation for his bigger commissions as his careful attention to finer background detail made the scene more poignant and alive, filling it with character and passion. The dream like qualities of his prominent artwork carried on into the triumph or Romanticism. The spirituality and the influences from the previous eras stimulated the imagination of artists around the world. The art historian and theoretician of colour, Eugà ¨ne Delacroix was and still is the acknowledged master of Romanticism and one of the last great decorative painters. His passion for colours and the depiction of lively composition is reflected in his canvas won the admiration of the public. Everything is the subject; the subject is yourself: our impressions, your emotions when faced with nature. he professed. His skill in the thick impasto unified well with his choice of colours, giving his paintings the form of a sketch. The innovative take on colour, the earthy shades and the use of rich varnishes changed the way most artists composed their portraits and subject matters, crafting their styles to match Delacroixs. The analytical approach to colour is recognised in almost all realism, impressionism and art nouveu paintings that dominated the early 20th century. The creations of Vincent Van Gogh, albeit spanning over a short period of ten years, contained distinguishing marks of his life and the tourment he endoured as well as the places he lived in. The canvases beared his trademark frantic colours and figures in the form of various self-portraits, landscapes and scenes from ordinary day to day life. His impact on art gave colour a new meaning in the works of artists and put forth a new style in which the painter can place his brush on the canvas. A new approach to light and colour enabled him to go beyond both Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism, enabling his style in his self-portraits to experience a change that brough critisim upon him at the time. The intense expressiveness, accompanied by a turmoil of brush strokes produced a new wave of artists stimulated to create more illusive and stylised paintings to continue the tradition of expressive portraiture.

American Influence over New Zealand Culture Essay -- essays research p

War World 2 was a pivotal point of change for New Zealand. The country went from being a colonial country dependent or rather in awe of our mother country, England, to being a Colonial country now more excited with new contact with the new world super power of America. America’s acceptance as defender of the Pacific was the wedge that quickly romanticises the New Zealand people into a 60 year love affair with all things American. New Zealand has now reached a point where American media and influence in this country has now become integrated into the New Zealand culture and psyche itself. American Influence over New Zealand Culture Since the start of the â€Å"American Invasion† of New Zealand in 1942, New Zealand has become greatly dependent on America. From political to fashion, culture and entertainment, all areas of New Zealand life have been increasingly influenced from our relationship with the United States. Our loyalty/dependency to our once influential homelands in Britain, England especially, has been slowly washed away in the tides of American culture that floods the New Zealand citizen everyday. Just walking down the main street of any New Zealand town you don’t have to look too far to see a touch of America. Teenagers walk down the street, pants baggy and wearing hoodies. Music from shop radios drift onto the street, at least a 75% chance that the song is American made. The shop windows display Americanised tabloid magazines whose covers are littered by American Celebrities and their ‘tragic’ love triangles. Next to the tabloid magazines sits the New Zealand version of Americas T.V Guide, in its pages news and show times of the hundreds of American shows that crowd New Zealand’s televisions channels. Inside the store American confectionary lines the front of the store, Fruit Bursts, Nestles chocolate and a hundred others. In the corner sits a stand that holds a selection of ‘Top 40’ music Compact Disks, all American artists. And in the refrigerated drink units Americas product spearhead, Coke, sits cooling away waiting to be snatched up by the next customer who walks in. People line up at the movie theatre next door, five movies showing, all American. In the street outside a Ford Falcon is parked, another passes by on its way home. As the Ford Falcon pulls up its driveway you can see that even at home there is no escape from the re... ...ms that the fate of our countries culture lies hand in hand with that of the United States of America. Fig 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/Gallery/brief/image-pages/graph.html References American Studies. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 16, 2004, from http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/subjects/amst/ Music and its role in cafà © culture. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 17, 2004, from http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/mph/cafe/wayne.html New Zealand in the Second World War. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 16, 2004, from http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-nz/nz-ww2.htm New Zealand Music Month 2003. (2003). Retrieved 11 17, 2004, from http://www.nzonair.govt.nz/music_detail.php?pid=514&sid=500 Phillips, J. (n.d.). The 'American invasion': American forces and the New Zealand people. Retrieved 11 16, 2004, from http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/Gallery/brief/ Routes of English. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 16, 2004, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/youtellus/transcript.shtml The Young and the Restless. Children and Adolescents in New Zealand 1930–1960. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 17, 2004, from http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/dnzb_exhibs/youth/

Relating 7 C’s of Teamwork to Chak de India

Overview of the movie The film revolves around the central character of the film, Kabir Khan, the ex-star player of Indian Hockey, who had lost an opportunity to score a goal under penalty stroke and was accused of fixing match with the Opposite team (Pakistan). After seven years, he emerges from nowhere to coach the Indian Women hockey team from scratches. Even he dares to challenge selectors have a clash with the formidable Indian Men team to get selected for participation in World Cup. Team is rag bunch of girls with own agenda [pic] ? The film based on a real-life story makes a deeper impact on the students of management.They can visualize the concept of the story and apply it in job areas later on. ? It provides guidance for not only being an effective manager but also how to be best and a role model for others in whichever area they enter,† ? ‘CHAK DE’ helps us to understand concepts like human resource management, strategy, motivation, determination, leaders hip skills, ambition, teamwork and making the most out of the worst kind of situations. ? The film proves that â€Å"Where there is a will, there is a way† Importance of teamwork â€Å"None of us are as Strong as all of us†¦.. [pic] The Benefits of team work are as follows: ? Increased Productivity ? Improved customer service ? More flexible system ? Employee empowerment ? Competitive advantage ? More ideas 7 c’s of teamwork 1. Commitment ? It is the foundation for synergy in groups ? The time spent up front getting all team members on the same track will greatly reduce the number of derailments or emergency rerouting 2. Contribution ? The power of an effective team is in direct proportion to the skills member possess and the initiative members expend. Each one in a team should contribute because if a few team members shoulders most of the burden,the team runs the risk of member burnout, or worse – member turn-off. ? To enhance balanced participation on a work team, leaders should consider three factors that affect th elevel of individula contribution : inclusion, confidende and empowerment. 3. Communication ? For a work group to reach its full potential, members must be able to say what they think, ask for help, share new or unpopular idea. ? Communication should be friendly, open and positive. To enhance team communication, leadres can provide skill r=training in listening, responding and the use of languages as well as meeting managemnt, feedback and consensus building. 4. Cooperation ? F. A. C. T. S. model of effective team member behaviors (follow-through, accuracy, creativity, timeliness and spirit) may serve as a guide for helping teams identify behaviors that support synergy within the work team. 5. Conflict Management ? It is inevitable that teams of bright, diverse thinkers will experience conflict from time to time Leaders help work teams to manage conflict effectively, the team will be able to maintain trust and tap the c ollective power of the team. 6. Change Management ? Tom Peters, in Thriving on Chaos, writes â€Å"The surviving companies will, above all, be flexible responders that create market initiatives. This has to happen through people. † It is no longer a luxury to have work teams that can perform effectively within a turbulent environment. ? It is a necessity. Teams must not only respond to change, but actually initiate it. 7. Connections When a work team is connected to the organization, members discuss team performance in relationship to corporate priorities, customer feedback, and quality measures. ? When a work team has developed strong connections among its own members, peer support manifests itself in many ways. Relating 7 c’s to CHAK DE INDIA Team building process in the film is very significant. Sixteen players from different parts of the country with different backgrounds and diversity meet for the first time for a common cause. Relating each C of team work to â₠¬Å"CHAK DE INDIA† 1) Commitment The initial entry of the players of the team is interesting. The players introduce themselves as representative of their respective states in the introductory session, except Vidya Sharma, who says that she is from India, which subsequently makes her way to be captain of the team. † Mujhe Sirf ek mulk ka naam sunaai deta hai – I.. n.. dia â€Å" This shows that the leader wants the team to be aware of their goal and be committed to it. The coach is committed to achieve the goals and he wants every members commitment †¢ There was emergency derailment or rerouting, when they go abroad to play for the world cup. ) Contribution †¢ Team also need self-leadres who takes responsibility for getting thing done . This quality can be observed in Vidhya Sharma. †¢ Bindia naik is seniuor player, however work team need people who have strong technical and inrepersonal skills and willing to learn. She was not at all willing to lear n and lacked in interpersonal skills. †¢ At the end, When team was in need of Bindia Naik ,the coach empowered her and she was motivated to play well and the taem had won against Argentina. She aws only the player who could break back to back manning of the opponent. 3) Communication The goals are clearly communicated to the team by the their coach. †¢ The coach’s approach in training the team is not friendly. †¢ It has been oserved that the coach comminicates the team in a negative for eg . Women can not play hockey, however this motivates the team to play much better. †¢ Open communication can be oserved when the coach is training all the girl and pointing out their mistake. He was giving a fair feedback ,so that the team will improve. 4) Cooperation †¢ â€Å"We do it right the first time† this has been lacking in the movie cause they had lost very badly in their match with Australia. Preeti and Komal are the girls who play for them selves, n ot for the country. They hardly cooperate with each other. How ever, in the crucial final match, they come together and work together to ensure that India wins. †¢ Creativity Can be observe when all the team members forgive mistake , respect differences and cooperates with each other to achieve the goal †¢ Gunjan the senior player keeps her ego aside, and develop a generous spirit (You cant have your way all the time and –to add value develop a generous team spirit) 5) Conflict Management The Coach Changes the sleeping position of the girlto resolve confluict and encourage team spirit. He also passes a rule that no staying with your state girl. †¢ Komal Chautala (Chitrasi Nayak), the ace center forward of Haryana state gets punished for entering into an argument with Preeti and punished for a week with 5 similar offenders. †¢ In the same way Balbir Kaur, Aliya Bose, Bindia Nayak and the one more girl from Darjeeling gets punished for misbehaving. †¢ A t the end Komal & Preeti Resolve their conflict and the team had won the final match against Australia ) Change Management †¢ Bindia Nayak, the right half senior most player for her lifetime from Railways is dormant for her cool reaction in the field and become water –girl for the team during the world cup . She is neutralized several times in the film for her ego. Even if she is most professional player of the team, she is not allowed to play for her undisciplined behaviour. †¢ Her position was changed from forward to center †¢ When you need the best, by pass all your rules and call her. SRK goes and requests her to play when India has to confront Korea.She was the need of the time. Punch word-Compromise with the ego. †¢ 7) Connections †¢ Coach tries to develop a connection between the team to encourage team spirit. †¢ Some times crisis and conflicts help in team building. The show down with the street Romeos in the McDowell outlay was the found ation of team building and confidence building. Punch point-When there is a crisis, the team members come together. †¢ In the finals all team members develops a sort of connection including Preet & Komal. [pic]

Money Makes the Mare Go Essay Example

Money Makes the Mare Go Essay Example Money Makes the Mare Go Paper Money Makes the Mare Go Paper Money is, no doubt, a miracle. It endows us with happiness, wipes our tears, soothes our wounds, makes our life mirthful and rosy, gives us laughter and joy and changes our dreams to reality. Though not for all of our problems, it is a panacea for most of them. In the eyes of the world a rich man is wise man. He gathers most friends. His prosperity makes him smart enough to collect as much friends as he likes. Wealth, even in the most improbable cases, manages to convey the aspect of intelligence. The golden key of money opens up even the trickiest locks of troubles thus rightfully giving its owner the prestige of being intelligent. Survival of the fittest is the law of nature. Those who struggle survive; those who shun effort become extinct. God says in His Holy book, ‘Man gets what he strives for’. It is a part of the nature of humanity to struggle for better food, better clothes and better lodging and surely money making is one of its basic needs. The art of getting rich consists not in industry, much less in saving but in a better order, in timeliness, in being at the right spot. Though money is a terrible master and an excellent servant yet we ought not allow it to overwhelm all our abilities and master whole of our life. It was rightfully said by some one that he does not posses wealth that allows it to posses him. Rightfully, if we command our wealth we shall be rich and free, if our wealth commands us we are poor indeed. With out money we can’t even think of living a life of comfort and ease, so, yearning for wealth is a positive activity in itself but wealth shouldn’t be the ultimate end of all of our struggles. Money is like a serpent. If we know the trick to charm this creature it would be valuable for us but if we don’t know the mantra it would definitely bite us. Money has the seductive sting of engulfing all of our attention and abilities and at the end man becomes the epitome of the picture presented in the holy scriptures in the words of: ‘Although they posses more and more than enough yet they yearn for more’. This incessant urge for getting more is the real adversary of man’s spirituality. Admittedly, money is a source of solving all riddles in our lives but we should always keep in mind that worldly riches are like nuts; many a tooth is broke in cracking them but never is the stomach filled with eating them. The greatest wealth is contentment with little. It is an old saying that money makes the mare go and it is applicable on our life to day too. We see that there is nothing which is available to us without money. We have to install air conditioner, cooler or heaters to keep us cool and hot and even water is not available without money. If money is most necessary for properly running this life, we must have money and therefore, each one of us shall have to work and earn money. We shall need money for running our life and we also need money for the rainy days. We can fall ill and we shall turn old too and therefore, if we have no saving with us, we shall be facing difficulty. Money can be earned honestly and it is not necessary that we should adopt wrong methods to collect and save money. If we commit a crime, we shall be caught by the police and instead of having easy life with such money, we shall be attracting more and more problems for us and there are chances that we may be spending our earlier savings with the police or with the courts. Therefore, we should prepare ourselves to earn money with our own hands and we must adopt honest means to collect money. The people who have got proper education, proper training and they are properly adjusted at work, they are able to have money and they shall be happy to spend that money. People who collect money through wrong means, are not able to enjoy that money because they are always under fear compulsions and they do not enjoy life. Some people show that they are enjoying life with money which they had collected with wrong means, but we should be sure that such people are just showing that they are happy, but they cannot get sound sleep in the night and most of them live on drugs. Money may be most necessary for life, but it should be earned with proper care and through proper means and only then this money can play a good role in our life.

Lucky Expressions

Lucky Expressions Lucky Expressions Lucky Expressions By Maeve Maddox Reader Emma requests a post on the expression lucked out: The †¦ times Ive heard people using [lucked out] to mean youre out of luck as opposed to expressing good luck or fortune is bordering on ridiculous. The expression to luck out is an American coinage dating from 1954. It means to succeed through luck. Specifically, according to the OED, it is to succeed in a difficult, testing, or dangerous situation. For example: He really lucked out on that exam; every question he had studied for was on it. The expression to be out of luck means to be unfortunate. For example: Youre out of luck: the last train has left the station. Two other uses of luck as a verb are: to luck into: to acquire by good fortune, without effort on ones part. Example: He lucked into a sweet deal on that car. to luck upon: to meet with, to find. Example: He lucked upon some old clothes he had wanted to give away†¦ The noun luck entered English in the 15th century from a Dutch word meaning happiness or good fortune. Its related to German Glà ¼ck, fortune, good luck. The multiplicity of expressions with the word luck, incorporate associations with Chance and Fortune in the sense of the powers that arrange the uncertain fates of human beings. One can have good luck, bad luck, or ill luck. My father used the expression If he didnt have bad luck, hed have no luck at all. People say that its good luck to find a four-leaf clover, but bad luck to break a mirror. Some people are said to have good luck, meaning that they are generally fortunate, while some are said to have no luck, meaning that they are generally unfortunate. Here are just a few more of the many expressions that employ the noun luck: Good luck! said to someone setting off to some uncertain undertaking like an exam or an audition. Better luck next time! said to someone who has failed to achieve some goal. Just my luck! said by someone who has missed out on something desired. To be down on ones luck to be in straitened circumstances, for example, jobless. Luck of the Irish a contradictory expression that can mean either bad luck, or extraordinary good luck, depending on the context. The Best of British luck usually meant ironically, the way Americans might say Good luck with that. The sense is go ahead and try, but youre probably not going to succeed. Trust to luck undertake a difficult task with insufficient preparation, hoping that all will go well. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:Time Words: Era, Epoch, and Eon7 Proofreading Steps

Business Ehics Assignment (6questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ehics Assignment (6questions) - Essay Example In school, facial discrimination is also a problem. Students tend to pay more attention to teachers who are good looking than to teachers who are not good looking. In effect, students are more inclined to give higher instructional rankings to attractive professors simply because they learned more from these people because they paid more attention to what these professors say in class. Yes, the whole idea that the degree of learning of students may be affected by their personal likes or dislikes of the facial features of their teachers but the fact still remains that this situation is true. 2. The argument that there is nothing wrong with â€Å"facial discrimination† is to some extent valid. The physical appearance of the person is the first thing that we notice. People are generally attracted to a beautiful face which is why some companies that are engaged is customer relations prefer to employ good-looking people. You see, it is generally easier for people to warm up to people who are good looking than towards people who have sour expressions. Moreover, people are generally more forgiving towards people who look good than to those who are ugly. On the other hand, the idea of hiring people based on their looks may not be acceptable when the job in question does not require face to face dealings with customers. Most companies are not really particular as to how their technical employees look like. You see, most technical employees work in cubicles and they seldom have to come face to face with customers. In this case, the ability of the person is what counts and his or her looks. 3. Physical attractiveness becomes a job-related criterion when the job requires the employee deal directly with customers on a daily basis. For instance, people who work in the sales department need to look the part to be able to attract customers. We all know that people at the sales department or at the

What drives Willie Loman and sons Seeing the world through the Coursework

What drives Willie Loman and sons Seeing the world through the protagonists eyes - Coursework Example Biff considered his family and himself to be the ordinary people, which are not able to achieve the unreal dreams. Both brothers (Biff and Holly) are shown as the people, who do not wait anything special from life, though they possess different characters, as Happy is not involved greatly in the moral principles. The brothers have totally different inner worlds. The death of Willy did not change anything in the mind of his son Holly, he decided to follow his father’s steps and continue to live in the same way, making the same mistakes, while Biff saw the kind of fatuity in the death of his father. He sees it as useless as his own life and decides to live differently. The readers can understand it, when Biff says: â€Å"He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong!† (). Biff finds out, that during the useless rush for the unreachable dream, his father lost thousands of happy moments of the regular every day life. The theme of the play touches the questions of human self-know ledge and its importance for the life of the individual. The relationships of Biff and his father were never perfect. Biff saw his father as an example until he got disappointed in his actions and behavior. Without any idea of who he was, he tried to live the same life as his father and understood that it was the wrong one, after the numerous troubles and sorrows. He learned the sense of life through his own mistakes, though at the end of the story we cannot say that he found himself. The motivation of the play’s characters is revealed through their reaction on different events. The reaction of Holly on his father’s death gives him strength to continue his path and to show everyone that it was not in vain. Linda seeks freedom as the mean of escaping from numerous debts and achieve stability. The play possesses a deep philosophical context. The idea of â€Å"American Dream† remains the most wanted and needed among the people. The

New German spelling Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New German spelling - Case Study Example Trotzdem wurde die Reform sehr kritisiert, und man stellt die Frage: Ist die neue deutsche Rechtschreibung eine L'sung f'r die deutschen Sprachler, oder ist sie ein Problem f'r alle Leute und Texte, die die klassische Rechtschreibung verwendet haben' Das amtliche Regelwerk von 1902 regelte die deutsche Rechschreibung bis die Einf'hrung der Neuregelung. Am 1.8.1998 tritt das neue amtliche Regelwerk in Kraft. W'hrend einer 'bergangszeit durfte man nach den alten Regeln schreiben. Die lange Dauer der 'bergangszeit hat positive und negative Aspekte gehabt. Die Absicht dieser 'bergangszeit war die Reform nicht dramatisch zu machen. Dies erm'glichte die Erneuerung von Sprachlehrb'cher, W'rterb'cher und andere Ver'ffentlichungen. Au'erdem konnten die Sprachler an die neue Orthographie sich gew'hnen. Diese Situation gibt jedoch den Leute die Hoffnung, dass die alte Rechtschreibung noch mal wiedersetzen wird, und dies erlaubte die gleichzeitige Pr'senz von verschiedenen Rechtschreibungen. Die amtliche Regelung des Ministeriums der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft enth'lt einen Regelteil und ein W'rterverzeichnis mit etwa 12.000 W'rtern. Der Regelteil hat die neuen Regeln 'ber die Laut-Buchstaben-Zuordnungen, die Getrennt- und Zusammenschreibung, die Schreibung mit Bindestrich, die Gro'- und Kleinschreibung, die Zeichensetzung und die Worttrennung am Zeilenende (Ministerium der DG 1998). Die neue Regelung verfolgte das Ziel, die Schreibung der Wortst'mme konstant in allen W'rtern einer Wortfamilie zu machen, und die Ausnahmen zu einschr'nken (Heller 2002). Das macht die Kenntnis der Regeln einfacher f'r Sprachler. Jetzt erlaubt die Schreibung von Fremdw'rtern zwei Formen: die originale Form und die eingedeutschte Form (zum Beispiel: Geographie / Geografie, Photograph, Fotograf). Deswegen ist es m'glich, drei gleichen Konsonantenbuchstaben in Komposita zusammenzutreffen. Zum Beispiel: Ballettt'nzer (aus Ballet und T'nzer), Schifffahrt (aus Schiff und Fahrt). Trotzdem erlaubt die neue Rechtschreibung den Gebrauch eines Bindestriches in einigen F'llen (z.B. Schiff-Fahrt, Kafee-Ersatz). Wichtige Ver'nderungen gibt es auch 'ber die Benutzung des Buchstabes '. "Der Buchstabe ' steht nur noch nach langem Vokal oder Doppelvokal, nach einem kurzen Vokal wird er durch Doppel-s ersetzt (z.B. "Fu'", "hei'en", aber: "Fluss")" (Duden 1997: 610). Man schrieb die Konjuktion dass mit ' seit der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts, aber in neuer Rechschreibung wird mit ss geschrieben. In der Schweiz und Liechtenstein verwendet man dass vor der Reform. Die neue Rechtschreibung k'nnte eine L'sung f'r die Ausnahme und die dialektalen Varianten sein. Trotzdem erkl'ren die neuen Regeln 'ber die ss-'-Schreibung nicht alle Zweifeln der Sprachler. Die Reform der Rechtschreibung macht, im engeren Sinne, Deutsch schwieriger zu lernen. Diese Schwierigkeit gilt f'r Muttersprachler und Fremdsprachler, weil die Regel, die sie gelernt haben, ver'nderten. Die Leute, die deutsche W'rterb'cher vor 1996 benutzen, w'rden nicht ihre Zweifel erkl'ren. Au'erdem kann man viele B'cher mit den alten Rechtschreibung finden. Die neue deutsche Rechtschreibung hat einen Einfluss an der Sprachlehre im Ausland. Die Sprachschulen und Universit'ten k'nnten nicht die neuen B'cher, W'rterb'cher und Lehrmaterial bezahlen. Diese Reform k'nnte positiver f'r neue

The issues surrounding Abortion Essay Example for Free

The issues surrounding Abortion Essay Explain how a follower of natural law might approach the issues surrounding Abortion. Natural Law, as outlined and enforced by Thomas Aquinas, says that every living thing has a purpose, and that every solution to a dilemma and every action can be solved by reasoning, which will gain you ultimate happiness. This Is linked with Aristotles idea that everyone has a specific purpose, and the Primary Precepts can help you to achieve your purpose. This is key knowledge to help with the understanding of Natural Law followers views about abortion. Human reasoning in any dilemma or problematic situation should be applied to the Primary Precepts of Natural Law. The two main precepts that are concerned in Natural Law with abortion are The Preservation of Life and Reproduction. Generally, conforming to Natural Law, the right action to take would be one that conforms to all the precepts, however with abortion it is not quite as simple. The first Precept to consider when thinking about abortion from a Natural Law followers state of mind would be Reproduction. The precept of Reproduction states that it is always right to encourage reproduction, and most nearly always wrong to prevent reproduction. Applying this to abortion would result in a follower of Natural Law believing that abortion is wrong. This is because the act of aborting a foetus, or baby, is preventing the act of reproduction, and therefore going against one of Aquinas Primary Precepts; Preservation of Life. Natural Law does not consider the people involved or most of the consequences, but more on the act of abortion itself. Reproduction as known is a Primary Precept of Natural Law, and because the act of abortion stops procreation then it is frowned upon by Natural Law followers. The act of abortion can also disturb the precept of Preservation of Life. This precept states that it is always right to help save or maintain a life, and always wrong to try and intentionally. However this is only if one believes that life begins at conception. Abortion involves taking the life of a foetus that you believe to be a human life, which in turn act against the precept of the Preservation of Life, as you not preserving life, but taking one away. However, there are a few exceptions. Aquinas Doctrine of Double effect applies these exceptions. Aquinas saw the precepts as absolutely true for every single being, and that using our reasoning can bring us to the right solution in every situation. However there are times when in order to conform to one precept, we must decide to act against another. For example; there is a pregnant woman, however for medical reasons carrying on with the pregnancy would end in her death. She has two choices, one; have the baby and end her own life or two; have an abortion and save her own life. The first solution would go against the precept of the Preservation of Life, where the second would go against both the Preservation of Life and Reproduction. In this case it is okay for a person to come to a suitable solution through reasoning, as whatever happens there will be bad consequences. However, this is only acceptable if the bad consequence is but an unwanted side effect of the action with good intent. All in all, abortion acts against two of the Primary Precepts of Natural Law, which clearly makes it a bad action. Even though there are a few exceptions, these are only in the worst of situations, and on the whole, abortion is entirely wrong according to Natural Law. A foetus is not a person Discuss. There are many different opinions and arguments as to when a Foetus becomes a person, and these all play different but key roles into solving many huge arguments. To hope to solve this argument is absurd, however the different viewpoints can be stated and analysed to find the strongest. One way in which to argue whether or not a Foetus is a person is to apply it to the criteria of Personhood. These criteria are suggested by Mary Anne Warren, and are Sentience, Emotionality, Reason, Ability to Communicate, Self-awareness and Moral agency. Conforming to these criteria would mean the a Foetus cannot be classed as a person, as it does not fit into any of these criteria. However, later on in the development of a Foetus it begins to fit into some of the criteria, such as Sentience. Could this mean that a foetus slowly becomes a person? Mary Anne Warren suggests that a Foetus is a potential person, but says that it does not have a right to life, which really does not solve any arguments as to whether or not a Foetus is a person. It is also argued that a potential life, as proposed by Mary Anne Warren, does not have any rights or privileges. This would also mean that a Foetus does not have access to human rights, and the right to life. So that begs the question, if something does not have access to human rights, is it a person?

The Impact Of ECommerce On Tesco Plc Information Technology Essay

The Impact Of ECommerce On Tesco Plc Information Technology Essay In 1919, Jack Cohen founded Tesco as he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. On his first day, his profit was  £1 with total sales of  £4. In 1924, Jack sold his first own-brand product which was Tesco Tea and this was before the company was called Tesco. The name comes from the initials of TE Stockwell, who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and CO from Jacks surname. In 1929 Jack Cohen opens his first Tesco store in Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. 1932 and Tesco Stores Limited became a private limited company. Two years later in 1934, Jack Cohen bought a plot of land at Angel Road, Edmonton, North London to build a new headquarters and warehouse. It was the first modern food warehouse in the country and introduced new ideas for central stock control. Furthermore, in 1947, Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd floats on the Stock Exchange with a share price of 25p, and in 1956, the first Tesco self-service supermarket opens in a converted cine ma in Maldon. The list below shows further expansion by Tesco PLC within the subsequent years; Annual sales exceed  £2 billion Computerised checkouts introduced into the first Tesco stores 1983 Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd becomes Tesco PLC 1995 Would I Buy It initiative is launched to ensure that products are always of the highest quality for customers Tesco becomes the market-leading food retailer Tesco Clubcard is launched 1996 Tesco launches 24 hour trading 1999 Tesco enters South Korea Tesco launches a new on-line bookstore and on-line banking Tesco publishes supermarket price comparisons on the internet 2000 Tesco.com is launched 2004 Tesco enters China Tesco launches own-brand Fair-trade range Tesco Broadband is launched Tesco.com becomes first major British supermarket to enter music download market 2005 Tesco exits the Taiwanese market in an asset swap deal with Carrefour involving stores and operations in the Czech Republic Tesco Homeplus launches Tesco announces annual profits of  £2 billion 2006 Tesco Direct launches 2009 Tesco launches  www.tesco.com/clothing Clubcard re-launched in the UK with  £150 million investment offering customers the opportunity to double up their vouchers 2010 Tesco opens the worlds first zero-carbon supermarket in Ramsey, Cambridgeshire Tesco opens its first Lifespace mall in Qingdao, China. More information on the history and progress of the company throughout the years can be seen on the companys corporate website. Here are some common Tesco logos that can be seen around; http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQaFF1G-B2Pd3iXLWuhEoxiXI2BfXEPatERE12y9CX7VSkScZ http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9vEIPDWGJMiMAThPnTWaTjp_LHes8YvMuQ5z_T6EhEzgSlyix http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQqpNKamt2FQnmOZthlHgFaRLyzlO_oRZDKWZ72QS6agwBy811Jhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTGdVEEIbImv3nFiGQSkonLltz7w77rmlXaaTEEPeMovbxd5iBM http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTMe4aTQ6V4FOR4f6ULiORWC8nlEBcjLYJ-wu4ATwiFA8VpNt61 HOW TESCO USED TO DO BUSINESS. In Tescos early days, as seen from the original operations, grocery products were sold from market stalls until the first Tesco store was opened in North London in 1929. Then in 1934, the owner bought a plot of land to build a new headquarters and a warehouse and introduced new ideas for central stock control. In 1956 Tesco opened a self service supermarket in a converted cinema in Maldon which meant that people could go in and pick their own items of interest from the shelves and make their way to checkout points or tills for payment. Initially, Tescos marketing operations would have involved the use of TVs, Radio, newspapers, mail shots and billboards. Then in 1982, computerised checkouts were introduced into the first Tesco stores and the companys annual sales exceeded  £2 billion. Here we can see the integration of computerised operations including the centralised stock control to get a picture of the early stages of e-commerce making its way into the business operations. HOW E-COMMERCE HAS TRANSFORMED TESCOS METHOD OF WORKING. With the integration of computerised systems in operations both at stock control levels, database and checkout levels, Tesco launched the Tesco clubcard which allowed customers to earn points from every purchase they made. This involved a brief registration of the customers name, phone number and address details and the issuance of a personal card but this also meant that the company now had a database of loyal customers and every time these cards were used by a customer, Tesco could tell what had been purchased in order to calculate the points but in the process, the company could make predictions about certain goods and items and they could also send in offers and coupons to customers based on what they thought each individual customer would be interested in, either based on a previous purchase or based on a new product. This greatly allowed customers who had the clubcard to relate to Tesco on an almost personal shopping experience, but the underlying factor here was in the use of this particular e-commerce application amongst others. Then the company launched of the 24 hour trading in 1996, which at that stage had a lot to do with the application of computerised and electronic methods of operation, in ways that could maximise the efficiency of the companys operations from the warehouses to the tills. This involved electronic methods of stock control to assist with constant replenishment when necessary, time management, use of barcodes, Television and radio commercials, coupons and printed flyers promoting the organic range, etc. All this time, Tesco was also busy expanding their International branches to as far as Asia and in 1999, the company launched a new on-line bookstore and on-line banking and also published supermarket price comparisons on the internet. Here again we can see that the companys use of e-commerce is expanding at such a rate that competitors would have had to have their seatbelts well tight in order to catch up with this giant retailer. In the year 2000, Tesco launched Tesco.com which basically began the whole Tesco/internet revolution of shopping online with Tesco for almost every household product that the customers needed. With an online platform to advertise and sell products, Tesco.com had made a way for the company to deliver its grocery goods and some other services to customers in the comfort of their own homes and without the need to go to the stores. This was the closest to maximum convenience both for the customers who could now shop anytime and have their goods delivered at conveniently agreed times, and also for the company who could now reach a wider range of people both socially and geographically while at the same time reducing traffic in the stores. Customers could pick from all sorts of products including the free from products designed for customers with special dietary needs and there was just a wide range of flexibility for the customer regarding the whole shopping experience. Nowadays, the comp any can be accessed instantaneously via the World Wide Web on computers, laptops and even the mobile phone. Internally, the use of email, fax, databases, computer programmes, intranet and internet has enabled Tesco to maximise its operational capabilities as information can be accessed, processed and sent around important divisions within a short period of time. I.e. functions of purchasing, supply, accounts, management, marketing, sales, etc. Below are some Advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce to TESCO. THE ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE. Elderly and disabled customers can shop within the comfort of their homes and all customers have access to a wider range of providers to choose from thereby enabling customer empowerment. Heightened customer service as customers are enabled to find detailed information online, and intelligent agents can also answer standard e-mail questions in seconds. Also, reviews posted by other customers about the products purchased on a website can help with decision making for the customer. The use of phone and e-mail has also improved communications between the company and the customer as queries and enquiries are usually made directly via these mediums. Customers also have a wider product range to choose from as they can view the contents of an entire store without physically walking around it, plus round the clock operations online which makes shopping accessible to customers on 24/7 basis. Reduces Time and money spent as travel time and cost, to and from the store, is eliminated, and with online vendors selling different product ranges at different prices, customers can find a product that best suits their financial and qualitative demands. In some cases, companies will often offer the same products for less if it is purchased online. E-commerce benefits for the company. Globalisation in terms of product promotion and sales to reach a wider range of consumers. More efficient inventory management and stock control to maximise product availability. Just in Time (JIT) warehousing to eliminate Location and availability restrictions thus saving costs for both the company and the customer. Corporate image to establish identity and trust which is necessary for direct sales and to affirm the brand image. The use of computerised databases, fax, email, computer-aided designs, intranet and the internet as a whole has also equipped Tesco with some necessary tools for maximising operations and communications. From sourcing and dealing with suppliers of products via email, phone and fax, through to marketing towards in-store and online sales and promotions via Television, radio, electronic billboards, internet sites , and finally for customer support via phone, email, etc, e-commerce has completely transformed how Tesco works today. THE DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE. Security and privacy of personal information as a lot of people are still quite sceptical about using their personal bank details for shopping online. Programmes like viruses could cause a website to shut down and could also affect customers computers as a result of using the website. Product quality and delivery of items could be different from what the customer might be expecting. Internet speed and bandwidth in certain areas may make it difficult for customers to use the website hassle free. Staffing. The more e-commerce improves, the less human labour that is required to carry out certain tasks and this can cause a lot of human positions to become downsized or rendered totally obsolete which is not favourable to the workers. This has also led to the addition of new skill sets (to cope with new operations) which could mean new staff, new job roles and titles, and in some cases also involves retraining current staff in order to keep up with technological changes and all these have had its financial costs to the company coupled with the financial costs of implementing the hardware needed for particular e-commerce- related upgrades. There have also been some social costs as a result of e-commerce as there are now new job roles and titles which people have to adapt to via a cultural change. Also, since most items can be sold online to a much wider audience while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods, a company does not have to spend so much on an expensive High Street presence and this in turn means that the traditional social gathering of shoppers is gradually fading away. RISKS INCURRED IN INTRODUCING E-COMMERCE TO THE ORGANISATION Social Risks. In addition to the potential loss of revenue that declines in employee productivity can create due to certain applications of e-commerce, an inappropriate use of the companys resources can also put a strain on business infrastructure and therefore result in performance and availability issues, causing users who are participating in work-related activities to experience a slow down. Information risk is another social risk that is impacted by employee use of company resources for personal reasons. Protecting information assets from destruction, loss and corruption is an important preventative measure. As employees use the internet for activities such as shopping, social networking and web surfing, the threats to the company information assets are greatly increased. If employees are using these devices to access personal e-mail accounts or shop online, or are using their work e-mail accounts in relation to shopping, phishing becomes more likely. Phishing can result in many damaging scenarios for enterprises such as loss of customer data, loss of enterprise intellectual property and damage to enterprise data. Social risks on the part of the customers can involve trust for a company in using their services online, putting out their personal information for transactions on-line, and even a change from the old tradition of shopping to a completely new system of doing things. Unregulated on-line buying could become a significant social problem as e-commerce spreads. The compulsive buying tendencies of certain consumers coupled with their affinity for the Internet is cause for special concern. Beyond inefficiency in markets, there will be social costs from reduced productivity, personal bankruptcies, disrupted families and ruined lives. Chasing the problem with credit and psychiatric counselling will be expensive both in terms of tax dollars and human lives. By way of prevention, existing fair trade practices prohibiting deceptive promotions and pricing should be extended to e-commerce. Fortunately, many people recover from addictions on their own and many more can learn the self-control required to avoid them, with a little help. Software developed within the Internet community could help on-line consumers maintain self-regulation. It could extend bundling by automatically totalling purchases across sites and sessions and provide a running on-screen meter of expenditures and time spent shopping, to promote self-observation. Automatic filtering of sites, types of products, or product stimuli (e.g., jpg files with product images) that foster excessive purchases would reduce exposure to shopping stimuli. To bolster the judgmental sub-function, shoppers could be prompted to make a shopping list before entering e-commerce sites and receive on-screen warnings when they surpassed referential norms or family budgets. Self-reactions could be prompted by forcing shoppers to re-allocate budgets, relate unplanned purchases to initial shopping objectives or respond to remonstrative e-mails from significant others before completing a purchase. Financial Risks. All companies face financial risk, even if they only operate via the Internet. E-Commerce companies may face a harder time securing external financing because they may not have a lot of physical assets to use as collateral or indicate their long-term viability as a company. Banks and other lenders may require a higher level of personal capital involvement by owners and officers before lending money to the company. Generating a positive daily cash flow may also be difficult because of the fees involved with website protection, hosting, electronic shopping carts and credit card companies. These fees are required by vendors of E-Commerce companies and cannot be avoided. To mitigate these risks, E-Commerce companies must employ accountants or use a public accounting firm to ensure that no internal waste of cash is going on and all expenses are relevant to the operation of the company. Since there are regulations surrounding data protection, consumer protection, distance selling regulations, etc, the company faces a huge financial risk if any of these security measures are breached, and such measures could potentially cause the business to go bankrupt. In general, the security systems needed in place to ensure safety of customer information as well as physical infrastructure of setting up an entire e-commerce system, failure of the hardware and/or software, attack via virus or computer hacker, fire and flooding all poses serious financial risks to the company if the revenue does not meet up with the expenditure used to secure these factors. THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON ITS CONSUMERS. E-commerce has completely changed the way people look at making purchases and spending their money. It has certainly had some positive as well as negative impacts on the consumers. The Tesco system has been active in making sure that the consumers experience the positives while almost making the negatives non-existent. This system of commerce has affected consumers in the way that many people can now do most or all of their shopping on-line and within the comfort of their homes or anywhere with a computer and internet connection. This can especially come handy for people with very busy lifestyles, the aged or disabled people. This has translated as a kind of empowerment as people can make purchases round the clock and even have their goods delivered at suitable times as well. Also, customer service with e-commerce has enabled consumers to have access to a wide range of specific and detailed information about their goods and purchases online. Intelligent agents can answer standard e-mail queries in record time and the use of help desk software allows human expert services to be expedited with minimal stress. Consumers can now also make use of a service that allows them to fully customise their products and services in contrast to buying in a store where products are usually merely standard. E-commerce has also allowed people who would otherwise not be interested in the physical side of technology to have somewhat basic ideas of the systems they need to operate in order to make use of the e-commerce systems which in turn is a kind of education in terms of having that new knowledge of how things work. In the case of the Tesco club card, consumers have been greatly impacted as they feel a personal connection with their retailer of choice that seems to give something back in the way of points and also make relevant offers based on previous purchases or potentially relevant products. All in all, from the stores using electronic check-outs, centralised stock control, etc to the website where consumers just place their orders and wait for delivery to their doorsteps, e-commerce has had a generally positive impact on its consumers. HOW TESCO MET THE CHALLENGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY. IT systems have played a key role in helping Tesco deliver strong profits. The Tesco website, in which it has invested heavily in during recent years, saw profits leap by 21 per cent to  £48 million, on the back of an almost equal percentage sales rise. Online grocery orders have lifted by 10 per cent to  £7.5 million. The company has always been ahead in embracing and implementing new technology with an open-minded and optimistic approach despite the social and financial challenges. Advanced in-store queuing systems had improved shopping for 26 million of its customers by reducing checkout lines, Tesco said. The supermarket chain is using heat-sensing technology to monitor lines at tills. It also said improved scanners, better self service tills, and checkout cameras were helping it reduce queues. Self-service checkouts now account for a fifth of all of Tesco transactions. The supermarket took steps in 2008 to ready its technology for the Christmas sales peak, implementing ExpeT une performance management software from Macro 4 to manage its mainframe servers. Tesco has invested heavily in IT over the years, and this has played a strong role in improving sales, the supply chain, and efficiency across the company. The company has an in-house designed supply chain application, running on IBM system p servers based on UNIX. The companys five-year old warehouse in Croydon, which serves south-east London customers only and was also the companys first dedicated online hub, became profitable in 2008. The warehouse handles orders with a value of over  £1 million per week. Sales in non-food business Tesco Direct increased to  £180 million from a virtual standing start. The business, which is part of Tescos general merchandise division and has 11,000 items for sale online, had start-up costs and initial operating losses totalling around  £25m this year. Tesco said it is aiming to absorb these losses. Launched in 2006, Tesco Direct experienced IT problems that re portedly delayed its opening. The supermarket giant has 3,000 staff working at its offshore site in India, providing IT and administrative support around the world, including the recently launched US operation Fresh n Easy. The Indian site provides software development, as well as accounting and payroll services. Tesco also has a long running application development deal with Steria-owned outsourcer Xansa, targeted at ensuring its systems are up to date and in line with business needs. In store, Tesco continued to benefit from thermal imaging technology at checkouts, which speeds up queues and helps the store manage the flow of people and direct them to other tills. The company has a one in front policy, meaning that if more than one customer is in front of anyone at a checkout; it aims to open another till if one is available. Outsourcing and partnerships are other ways in which Tesco has been able to meet new technological challenges. In the case of their energy consumption, Tesco has outsourced the monitoring and regulation of this function to the HSE group to achieve the targeted reduced energy and carbon emissions by monitoring the plant and systems installed to ensure that they run and operate at their optimum. Their scope of services include: Energy monitoring, Plant performance, Management information, System improvement, Minor works and Maintenance. Their key objectives were To monitor the performance of new technologies, To provide feedback on plant and system performance, Management information is provided in a usable format and on a timely basis, Incremental improvements that will contribute to ongoing savings are identified and implemented, To be able to share findings from system performance, technologies and innovations. We have learned from our experience that there is often a frustrating gap between being able to identify the technology that is needed whether on low-energy lighting or lower-emissions refrigeration and being able to purchase and apply that technology commercially. We will work with our suppliers to reduce and hopefully eliminate this gap. Sir Terry Leahy (former CE0 of Tesco Plc). With the pace of consumer technology rapidly developing, Tesco now stocks an increased range of electrical products in-store and online. Responding to consumer demand, the retailer introduced Tesco Tech Support in 2008, making friendly faces available to expertly answer consumer technology queries, guiding them to choose the right product. Continuing to grow, the service now has more than 1000 expert advisors across the UK at 200 Tesco Extra stores and a dedicated UK call centre. The new http:///www.tescotechsupport.com website was created by an in-house team at FuturePlus. The site supplements dedicated online editorial content with all-new how-to tech videos fronted by Tesco Tech Support employees. THE SECURITY ISSUES IT ENCOUNTERED. TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES. Some of the technological security issues the company encountered include the following which could have had disastrous effects on the organisation; User authentication: A user name and password combination, where the password can vary in length and include numbers and characters. Remember to include a system that prompts employees to change their passwords at regular intervals. Viruses: A computer virus is a bug that affects your computer in many ways, it can come from almost any source like disks but mostly from the internet or emails, it can copy itself and manipulate a computers files. It can alter or even destroy company computers and also the computers of users who log on to such services. By installing anti-virus protection, the company can protect against viruses from affecting the computer. Firewalls and performance: Effectively, installing a firewall can slow down the computer depending on what it does, and where it came from. Firewalls are programs that monitor traffic, which is the incoming and outgoing data communication that takes place when the user is online. The software needs to be configured to permit or deny communication with websites, as chosen by the user. In general, once configured, there is no real impact on the performance of websites, but it can take time to set up the relevant permissions between the site and the users computer. SSL (secure sockets layer) and HTTPS: A popular implementation of public-key encryption is the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Originally developed by Netscape, SSL is an Internet security protocol used by Internet browsers and Web servers to transmit sensitive information. SSL has become part of an overall security protocol known as Transport Layer Security (TLS). Https is not a separate protocol, but refers to the combination of a normal HTTP interaction over an encrypted Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection. This ensures reasonable protection from eavesdroppers and man-in-the-middle attacks. RSA Certificates: A digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that the user knows who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it. Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures. FINANCIAL ISSUES. Prevention of Hacking and Identity Theft: Identity theft is when a hacker gets through to a users computer via a virus and acquires their personal credit card details, and then uses the details for their own personal use. Hackers get in to the computer system through ports, when the ports are open the hacker can get in, this may be with viruses or other means, users can stop hackers by installing a firewall onto the computer which blocks off the ports so hackers cant get through. Payment systems: using payment cards online has always given cause for concern as the information contained in them is quite delicate. The introduction of services like PayPal have ensure that consumers have a reasonable amount of confidence in using online service that require some sort of payment for products or services. PHYSICAL ISSUES Physical issues include factors like access to both company and customer information by employees through mediums that make it all too easy to tamper with, destroy, or steal such sensitive information. HOW THE COMPANY TOOK ADVANTAGE OF NEW DISTRIBUTION AND SALES CHANNELS. With the integration of computerised systems of data processing and communications, the company had expanded their capabilities in the area of sales and distribution. Products could be sold through channels like the Television, on radio, on billboards, via email, via the internet and affiliate websites, flyers, coupons and even by text on mobile phones. Tesco used all their available resources and avenues to make sure their products were available to a large consumer base both locally and internationally. The application of call centres which made use of numerous phone and computer systems meant that the process from marketing to sales could be run by a unit of dedicated employees. Tescos distribution network in the UK was among the best in the world. The company emphasized the importance of putting resources to the maximum use. Tesco stores in the UK received two deliveries a day one a fill up delivery and the other, a top up delivery. To keep the things simple for customers as well as for employees, Tesco adopted several new systems such as electronic shelf edge labelling all across the store, through which prices could be changed from a single central point; self scanning tills; self service pre-packaged products, coffee shop on mezzanine floor and also merchandising of fresh produce. Things like next day delivery and named day delivery have also been effective in maximising the use of these new sales channels. For existing customers, email marketing and direct mail marketing to provide special offers and promotions to customers is important. According to Humby (2003), e-retailer Tesco.com use what he describes as a commitment-based segmentation or loyalty l adder which is based on time of purchase, frequency of purchase and value which is used to identify 6 lifecycle categories which are then further divided to target communications: Logged-on Cautionary Developing Established Dedicated Logged-off (the aim here is to win back) Tesco then use automated event-triggered messaging can be created to encourage continued purchase. For example, Tesco.com has a touch strategy which includes a sequence of follow-up communications triggered after different events in the customer lifecycle. In the example given below, communications after event 1 are intended to achieve the objective of converting a web site visitor to action; communications after event 2 are intended to move the customer from a first time purchaser to a regular purchaser and for event 3 to reactivate lapsed purchasers. THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON THE BUSINESS. Selling through websites is the fastest growing method of trading worldwide. There are two main forms of e-commerce: Business to business (B2B) trading where companies trade and exchange information using the World Wide Web. Business to consumer (B2C) trading where companies deal directly with customers through web pages, and ordering is carried out online. Trading online enables businesses to reach much wider audiences while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods. For example, an e-tailer does not have to spend so much on an expensive High Street presence. Although the outlay on developing a good website is substantial the potential benefits can be enormous. There have been impacts on direct marketing where promotion of products and services have been enhanced through direct, information rich, detailed and interactive contact with consumers. The cost of delivering relevant information and digitized products to customers over the internet is results in substantial savings to the company when compared with traditional methods of delivery. The process of delivery, cycle times, administrative work and time spent on other fu